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A new FAO/World Bank report has disclosed that investing in post-harvest technologies to reduce food losses could significantly increase the food supply in sub-Saharan Africa, as technical experts from around the region meet to discuss the issue.
The report, released simultaneously in Rome (Italy) and Accra (Ghana) Tuesday, estimates the value of post-harvest grain losses in sub-Saharan Africa at around $4 billion a year.
Entitled ‘Missing Food: The Case of Postharvest Grain Losses in Sub-Saharan Africa’, the report was produced in collaboration with the UK's Natural Resources Institute.
"This lost food could meet the minimum annual food requirements of at least 48 million people," said FAO Assistant Director-General, Maria Helena Semedo. "If we agree that sustainable agricultural systems need to be developed to feed 9 billion people by 2050, addressing waste across the entire food chain must be a critical pillar of future national food strategies."
According to estimates provided by the African Postharvest Losses Information System, physical grain losses prior to processing can range from 10 to 20 per cent. In Eastern and Southern Africa alone, food losses are valued at $1.6 billion per year, or about 13.5 percent of the total value of grain production.
While no similar regional loss estimates are available for Central or West Africa, assuming losses of a similar magnitude, the value of post-harvest grain losses in sub-Saharan Africa could total $4 billion a year out of an estimated annual grain production worth $27 billion (2005-2007 annual average).
This is roughly equivalent to the value of annual cereal imports in the region during the same period. Given the near doubling of global grain prices since 2005-2007, the value of current losses is likely much higher.
According to the report, losses occur when grain decays or is infested by pests, fungi or microbes, and physical losses are only part of the equation. Losses can also be economic, resulting from low prices and lack of access to markets for poor quality grain, or nutritional, arising from poor quality or contaminated food.
“Food losses contribute to high food prices by removing part of the food supply from the market. They also have negative environmental impacts as land, water and non-renewable resources such as fertiliser and energy are used to produce, process, handle and transport food that no one consumes”, it noted.
The recent food and financial crises have heightened the focus on post-harvest losses. "Africa cannot afford to lose 20 per cent of its grain production," said Director of the Sustainable Development Department, World Bank Africa Region, Jamal Saghir.
"Reducing food losses is increasingly recognised as part of an integrated approach to realising agriculture's full potential, along with making effective use of today's crops, improving productivity on existing farmland, and sustainably bringing additional acreage into production," he added.
A variety of practices and technologies are available for reducing post-harvest losses, including crop protectants and storage containers such as hermetically sealed bags and metallic silos. While a number of these technologies have proved successful in Asia, more research and piloting is needed to identify interventions adapted to local environments in Africa.
Governments can help by creating an enabling environment; reducing market transaction costs by investing in infrastructure such as roads, electricity and water; and strengthening agricultural research and extension, particularly in identifying where losses occur along the food chain and how to tackle them.
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